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The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is an external intelligence service of the United States specializing in defense and military intelligence. A component of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the United States Intelligence Community (IC), DIA informs national civilian and defense policymakers about the military intentions and capabilities of foreign governments and non-state actors. DIA also ensures intelligence assistance, integration and coordination across uniformed military service intelligence components, which remain structurally separate from DIA.〔(The Defense Clandestine Service. Defense Intelligence Agency ) Retrieved: May 5th, 2013〕 The agency's role is wide-reaching, encompassing collection and analysis of defense-related foreign political, economic, industrial, geographic, and medical and health intelligence.〔(Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). AllGov.Com: Everything our Government Really Does. ) Retrieved: May 5, 2013〕 As part of its national IC responsibilities, DIA regularly provides input for the President's Daily Brief. Though sometimes compared to foreign military intelligence services, like the Russian GRU or Israeli Aman, DIA is unique in that two-thirds of its 17,000 employees are civilians〔(Defense Intel Alumni Association Log ). November 2009, page 5.〕〔Knight, Judson. "Defense Intelligence Agency" ''Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security'', Cengage Learning (Gale publishing), 2003〕 and the agency's structure bears resemblance to that of its non-military counterpart. DIA's intelligence operations in support of U.S. national security extend far beyond the zones of combat, at hundreds of locations and U.S. Embassies in approximately 140 countries.〔Defense Intelligence Agency. ("Get Ready: DIA Is Ready for a Changing World (Video)" ), September 10, 2013〕 The agency primarily specializes in collection and analysis of human-source intelligence (HUMINT), has its own Clandestine Service and is in charge of American military-diplomatic efforts overseas.〔(DIA sending hundreds more spies overseas ) The Washington Post December 1, 2012〕 DIA is also designated a national manager for the highly technical measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) and the Department of Defense manager for counterintelligence programs. The agency has no law enforcement authority, although it is occasionally portrayed so in American popular culture. Established in 1961 under President John F. Kennedy by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, DIA has been at the forefront of U.S. intelligence efforts throughout the Cold War and rapidly expanded, both in size and scope, since the September 11 attacks. Due to the sensitive nature of its work, the spy organization has been embroiled in numerous controversies, including those related to its intelligence-gathering activities, its role in enhanced interrogations, as well as attempts to expand its activities on U.S. soil. ==Overview== The Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency is a three-star general or admiral who, upon nomination by the President and confirmation by the Senate, serves as the nation's highest-ranking military intelligence officer. He is the primary intelligence adviser to the Secretary of Defense and also answers to the Director of National Intelligence. The Director is also the Commander of the Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, a subordinate command of United States Strategic Command, which is co-located with DIA. Additionally, he chairs the Military Intelligence Board, which coordinates activities of the entire defense intelligence community.〔DIA Public Web Page, (This Is DIA )〕 DIA is headquartered in Washington, D.C. on Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling, with major operational activities at the Pentagon, at each Unified Combatant Command, as well as in more than a hundred U.S. Embassies around the world, where it deploys alongside other government partners (e.g. CIA) and also operates the U.S. Defense Attache Offices.〔(DIA:Locations ), Defense Intelligence Agency, Updated: February 5, 2013. Retrieved: September 28, 2013.〕 Additionally, the agency has staff deployed at the Col. James N. Rowe Building at Rivanna Station in Charlottesville, Virginia, the National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI) in Fort Detrick, Maryland, the Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC) in Huntsville, Alabama, the Russell-Knox Building on Marine Corps Base Quantico, the National Center for Credibility Assessment at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and the Defense Intelligence Support Center (DISC) in Reston, Virginia. DIA is also in the process of building a new campus in Bethesda, Maryland which will serve as the new location of the National Intelligence University as well as a facility for DIA and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.〔(Residents Pleased With Intelligence Campus Designs ), November 13, 2012〕〔(Construction of intelligence campus in Bethesda underway ), June 21, 2013〕 DIA and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) are similar in that both organizations collect information mainly through human intelligence and both agencies work to answer National Intelligence Program (NIP) requirements. The two differ in that DIA focuses on national defense and military-related topics, while CIA produces more general national security intelligence. Additionally, due to DIA's designation as a combat support agency, DIA has special responsibilities in meeting intelligence requirements specifically for the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff in peace and at war. Although other defense agencies, such as the National Security Agency, also have combat support designation, DIA's specialization in human intelligence makes it one of the first agencies to deploy overseas in times of conflict. Due to the interconnected nature of wartime intelligence requirements, there has been a significant overlap in the work of CIA and DIA during U.S operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. This trend is, however, gradually changing as the overextended CIA transfers parts of its military intelligence requirements to the Defense Clandestine Service and other elements of the intelligence community. Contrary to a popular misconception, DIA is not a collective of all U.S. military intelligence units and the work it performs is not in lieu of that falling under intelligence components of individual services. Unlike the Russian GRU, which encompasses equivalents of nearly all joint U.S. military intelligence operations, DIA assists and coordinates the activities of individual service intelligence units (i.e. 25 AF, INSCOM, etc.), which nevertheless remain separate entities.〔Daggett, Stephen. (The U.S. Intelligence Budget: A Basic Overview ), Congressional Research Service via the Federation of American Scientists, September 24, 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Defense Intelligence Agency」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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